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A numerical study of the calendering process is presented. The material to be calendered is modeled by using Giesekus constitutive equation. The flow equations are first presented in dimensionless forms and then simplified by inco...
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A numerical study of the calendering process is presented. The material to be calendered is modeled by using Giesekus constitutive equation. The flow equations are first presented in dimensionless forms and then simplified by incorporating the lubrication approximation theory. The resulting equations are analytically solved for the stream function. The pressure gradient, pressure, and other engineering parameters related to the calendering process, such as roll-separating force, power function, and entering sheet thickness, are numerically calculated by using Runge-Kutta algorithm. The influence of the Giesekus parameter and the Deborah number on the velocity profile, pressure gradient, pressure, power function, roll-separating force, and exiting sheet thickness are discussed in detail with the help of various graphs. The present analysis indicates that the pressure in the nip region decreases with increasing Giesekus parameter and Deborah number. The power function and the roll-separating force exhibit decreasing trends with increasing Deborah number. The exiting sheet thickness decreases up to a certain entering sheet thickness, as compared to the Newtonian case. Beyond this entering sheet thickness, the exiting sheet thickness increases with increasing entering sheet thickness.
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The current study purposes to assess the impact of institutional pressures (coercive, mimetic, and normative) on environmental performance of the firm along with the mediation of implementation of environmental management accounti...
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The current study purposes to assess the impact of institutional pressures (coercive, mimetic, and normative) on environmental performance of the firm along with the mediation of implementation of environmental management accounting and moderation of environmental proactivity between them. Quantitative data are collected through structured questionnaire from 500 middle-level and top-level managers and owners of manufacturing firms of Pakistan. Data are analyzed through SPSS and AMOS in which structural equation modeling in performed to assess hypotheses. Findings show that coercive, mimetic, and normative pressures are significant derivers of environmental performance. It is further found that coercive, mimetic, and normative pressures significantly enhance the implementation of environmental management accounting, which in turn enhances the environmental performance of the firm. Furthermore, environmental proactivity is found to be a significant moderator between mimetic pressure and environmental performance while no moderation by environmental proactivity is confirmed in relationships of coercive pressure and normative pressure with environmental performance. The current findings are anticipated to assist practitioners in strategy development and execution to improve environmental performance of the firm and policymaking to control environmental impacts of businesses and improve environmental conditions in the country. The current study is the first one to empirically examine the moderating role of environmental proactivity and mediating role of execution of environmental management accounting between institutional pressures and environmental performance in context of Pakistan; so, it will open new areas of discussion and analysis for researchers in the domain of institutional theory.
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Purpose This study aims to explain the relationship of employee voice and turnover intention with the mediating role of top management team (TMT) conflicts. Moreover, this study also aims to find the moderating influence of union ...
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Purpose This study aims to explain the relationship of employee voice and turnover intention with the mediating role of top management team (TMT) conflicts. Moreover, this study also aims to find the moderating influence of union instrumentality among employee voice and TMT conflicts. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted by using a quantitative approach and data was collected from 300 employees of the manufacturing sector of Pakistan through questionnaires. Data were analyzed by applying different statistical tools and tests through SPSS-21 and AMOS. Findings Results demonstrate that employee voice has a significant negative impact on employee turnover intention; TMT conflicts significantly mediate employee voice and intention to quit. However, union instrumentality is only initiated to moderate the relationship between employee voice and cognitive conflict. Research limitations/implications This research focuses on the manufacturing sector and data have been collected from manufacturing firms situated in Gujranwala, Pakistan only. Moreover, the sample size of the study is also small. Therefore, the current study is an addition to the knowledge and understanding of the studied variables. Practical implications This study is of great use for managerial level employees because the adequate implication of employee voice can reduce turnover intention. Originality/value This study aims to add value to the existing exit-voice theory and discuss the internal organizational factors that generate quitting intentions. Moreover, it provides insights about union instrumentality and its significant role as a moderator and the significant mediating role between employee voice and intention to quit paving new ways for future researchers.
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The aim of this work is to analyze the role of shear evolution equation in the modeling of relativistic spheres in f (R) gravity. We assume that non-static diagonally symmetric geometry is coupled with dissipative anisotropic visc...
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The aim of this work is to analyze the role of shear evolution equation in the modeling of relativistic spheres in f (R) gravity. We assume that non-static diagonally symmetric geometry is coupled with dissipative anisotropic viscous fluid distributions in the presence of f (R) dark source terms. A specific distribution of f (R) cosmic model has been assumed and the spherical mass function through generic formula introduced by Misner-Sharp has been formulated. Some very important relations regarding Weyl scalar, matter variables and mass functions are being computed. After decomposing orthogonally the Riemann tensor, some scalar variables in the presence of f (R) extra degrees of freedom are calculated. The effects of the polynomial modified structure scalars in the modeling of through Weyl, shear, expansion scalar differential equations are investigated. The energy density irregularity factor has been calculated for both anisotropic radiating viscous with varying Ricci scalar and for dust cloud with present Ricci scalar corrections.
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This work is devoted to the study of some dynamical features of spherical relativistic locally anisotropic stellar geometry in f(R) gravity. In this paper, a specific configuration of tanh f(R) cosmic model has been taken into acc...
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This work is devoted to the study of some dynamical features of spherical relativistic locally anisotropic stellar geometry in f(R) gravity. In this paper, a specific configuration of tanh f(R) cosmic model has been taken into account. The mass function through technique introduced by Misner-Sharp has been formulated and with the help of it, various fruitful relations are derived. After orthogonal decomposition of the Riemann tensor, the tanh modified structure scalars are calculated. The role of these tanh modified structure scalars (MSS) has been discussed through shear, expansion as well as Weyl scalar deferential equations. The inhomogeneity factor has also been explored for the case of radiating viscous locally anisotropic spherical system and spherical dust cloud with and without constant Ricci scalar corrections.
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The accurate removal of code smells from source code supports activities such as refactoring, maintenance, examining code quality etc. A large number of techniques and tools are presented for the specification and detection of cod...
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The accurate removal of code smells from source code supports activities such as refactoring, maintenance, examining code quality etc. A large number of techniques and tools are presented for the specification and detection of code smells from source code in the last decade, but they still lack accuracy and flexibility due to different interpretations of code smell definitions. Most techniques target just detection of few code smells and render different results on the same examined systems due to different informal definitions and threshold values of metrics used for detecting code smells. We present a flexible and lightweight approach based on multiple searching techniques for the detection and visualization of all 22 code smells from source code of multiple languages. Our approach is lightweight and flexible due to application of SQL queries on intermediate repository and use of regular expressions on selected source code constructs. The concept of approach is validated by performing experiments on eight publicly available open source software projects developed using Java and C# programming languages, and results are compared with existing approaches. The accuracy of presented approach varies from 86-97 % on the eight selected software projects.
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Capital structure is considered one of the most debatable and controversial subjects in corporate finance. However, little is known about capital structure determinants of firms in the South Asian region. This study attempts to ad...
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Capital structure is considered one of the most debatable and controversial subjects in corporate finance. However, little is known about capital structure determinants of firms in the South Asian region. This study attempts to address the gap by not only investigate the impact of firm and country-specific factors on firms' capital structure across the South Asian Association forRegionalCooperation (SAARC) region but also offer a cross-country comparison. Results reveal significant relationships between tangibility, profitability, liquidity, firm size, stock market development, economic growth and firm leverage, suggesting that firms in the region are more likely to make their capital structure decisions following pecking order theory. We also find significant differences across countries and debt maturities.
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The recent attempts to use supervised learning techniques for process model matching have yielded below par performance. To address this issue, we have transformed the well-known benchmark correspondences to a readily usable forma...
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The recent attempts to use supervised learning techniques for process model matching have yielded below par performance. To address this issue, we have transformed the well-known benchmark correspondences to a readily usable format for supervised learning. Furthermore, we have performed several experiments using eight supervised learning techniques to establish that imbalance in the datasets is the key reason for the abysmal performance. Finally, we have used four data balancing techniques to generate balanced training dataset and verify our solution by repeating the experiments for the four datasets, including the three benchmark datasets. The results show that the proposed approach increases the matching performance significantly.
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The objective of the research study is to investigate the brand love-hate transition to predict brand avoidance via a mediating role of brand jealousy among rural customers in Pakistan. The data are collected through a survey, adm...
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The objective of the research study is to investigate the brand love-hate transition to predict brand avoidance via a mediating role of brand jealousy among rural customers in Pakistan. The data are collected through a survey, administered among 342 rural customers living in Pakistan. The data analysis is performed through structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. The results found mediation of brand jealousy to predict brand love-hate transition. The study of a transition in consumer emotions via a mediating role of brand jealousy in the context of customers living in rural areas provides an important perspective to the study of rural marketing and branding.
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Background: 99mTc is a radioactive isotope that is obtained by eluting a 99Mo/99mTc generator. (PINSTECH, Islamabad) and used for radionuclide scanning.
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